Niger - Meet a camión from Bilma in the Ténéré Desert

Canada – B.C. – Douglas Lake Cattle Ranch – Terry, the chief of the cowboys

A bit of family history - Abdelkrim ag Ahrmed, son of Ahrmed ag Chaoua, is the grand-son of Chaoua and comes from a dynasty of caravan leaders. In the language of the Tuareg, Tamacheq, “ag” means “son of”. - Niger / Aïr / 2003

Selima, a Targuia from Zakkat - Her husband is still a nomad, but Selima has become sedentary. In the Zakkat oasis, she educates her two children and takes care of a herd of goats. A Targuia is a woman; a Tuareg, a man. - Niger / Aïr / 2001

Targuia at the fountain of Tezirzek - Between the high plateau of the Aïr Mountains and the Ténéré, the Tezirkek fountain attracts nomads and their animals. Unlike the men, the women do not wear a headscarf. - Niger / between Aïr and Ténéré / 2003

The two sisters of Toufouchi - Their features are clean; their look, determined. And a firm will is needed to survive in these inhospitable latitudes. The two sisters of Toufouchi look after the goats, cook, fetch water and find enough time in between for jokes and laughter.

Tuareg warrior - With a single blow of his Takuba, Boubakar ag Mohamed has beheaded a jackal... what a feat! As the leader of a clan of ten families from the Kel Takriza tribe, formerly feared in the Sahel because of their raids against black farmers, today he is the most peaceful of Tuareg dignitaries – and the one wearing the most makeup! - Niger / Western Aïr

The strength of age - In his village in Sardinia, old Azeglio does not age. In fact, there is no age limit for him. Or age simply no longer exists – unless it is hiding behind his beard. How come? In Sardinia, as in all places where wisdom is not easily acquired, the youth of the heart lasts as long as life. - 1980

Living memory - From the banks of the Indus River through the steppes of Central Asia to the gates of the West, this man remembers the camels and the caravans that brought fragrant spices to Europe's tables. Did he get to see them? At least he remembers being told about them. And the memories will live on as long as the eyes and the words do. (Jodhpur, Rajasthan) - 1990

Venice - California

Niger - Oasis Chirfa - Region Djado - Women Kanuri

Untouched portrait of a worker at the Bilma saline.

The chief’s toothbrush - Boubakar ag Mohamed does not smoke. He uses this piece of wood, taken from a very widespread bush in the Sahara called the «Abesgouin», to clean his teeth – which by no means detracts from the authority in his eyes! - Niger / Aïr / 2001

Niger - The caravan leader Mohamed ag Boubakar with his toothbrush.

Portrait of a young Touareg - Faris / Aïr / Niger

Black woman from Bilma in the Kaouar valley in the desert Ténéré - Niger

Targui in a Touareg camp in the Hoggar - Algeria

Fashion and tradition
Young woman of the Kanouri ethnic group in the Kaouar region, Tenere (Niger). Look at the traditional silver ring with the motif of a snake biting its tail. The hair braids are redone once a month. To make them shine, fat or oil is added. And always, as here on her forehead, you will find the inevitable black flies that spoil everyday life in the Sahara.
Niger - Séguédine - 1968

Abakaoua
In his indigo outfit, chief Abakaoua ag Kanom, a symbol of the stubborn resistance of the Touareg Kel Tédélé people, proudly wears his 72 years and underlines the tenacious will of his gaze with a line of khol.
Niger - Aïr - 2003

Touareg
This noble Touareg of the Kel Rela tribe is armed with his spear. The spear is becoming more and more rare; it was used to hunt gazelles or mouflons. The tagoûlmoust, the veil that surrounds the head and hides the lower face, is given by the father to his son when he reaches puberty.
Algeria - Hoggar - 1964

Long live the bride
The pectoral pendant is the centrepiece of the adornment of a woman on the day of her marriage. Around the neck, she wears a collar formed by cloves. The scent that emerges is very appreciated among women.
Algeria - Illizi - 1967

Portrait of the famous Coast Salish artist Simon Charlie (born 1919), who lives in Koksilah on Vancouver Island. Among his other works is a Sxwayxwey mask he carved for "The Legacy" the traveling exhibit of the Provincial Museum in Victoria.

The legends are only available in German, French or Spanish
On doit aux potiers Mochica une multitude de vases portraits en terre cuite d'un réalisme saisissant (collection W. Pelloni, Lima).

The legends are only available in German, French or Spanish
Ce vieil aborigène ridé de Tarucani, coiffé du chullo de laine, à la bouche verdie par la chique de coca qui apaise faim et fatigue, se rappelle-t-il qu'autrefois la «feuille divine» était réservée à l'empereur, aux nobles, aux momies et aux dieux?

The legends are only available in German, French or Spanish
Souriante sous une montera à volants plissés, cette Indienne de San Juan de Chuquibambihla ne revêt que rarement ce bel habit traditionnel dont les broderies font son orgueil.

The legends are only available in German, French or Spanish
Sérieuse, le visage tanné par le rude climat d'altitude, cette fillette de Combapata, coiffée d'un bonnet à pointe rabattue sur le devant, a la taille serrée dans une large ceinture entretissée d'emblèmes.

The legends are only available in German or Spanish
Ein Indio im Altiplano von Peru spielt mit entrücktem Ausdruck die Zampoña, deren Klänge (vielleicht ein Yaraví oder Triste?) die ganze Melancholie der Weite und Einsamkeit wiederzugeben vermögen. - 1976

The legends are only available in German or Spanish
Campesino aus dem Dorf San Antonio de Chuca, Departement Arequipa, Peru. Die chullo genannte Ohrenmütze schützt gegen die oft beißende Kälte auf dem Altiplano. Gelegentlich tragen die Indios als Schutz gegen die grelle Sonne über dem Chullo einen Hut. - 1969

The legends are only available in German or Spanish
Marktszene vom Sonntagsmarkt in Riobamba, Provinz Chimborazo in Ecuador. - 1976

People from the province of Paruro participate in a folk festival in Cuzco - Young boy with a hat made of dried agave leaves. - 1969

Pentecost Festival in Ollantaytambo, Cuzco - Young Indian woman in typical costume. - 1969

An old woman from Yungay talks about the Terremoto earthquake of 31 May 1970, which had a magnitude of 7.8 and killed about 70,000 people. - 1976

Among the wild species of the Argentinean coast are the elephant seals, which, like the others, live in huge colonies. At the northern end of the Valdés peninsula (Chubut province), one of these colonies can be seen and is a real tourist attraction. These enormous mammals laze lazily on the beach floor. Despite their somewhat fearsome appearance, elephant seals - especially the females and young - are harmless. Only if you try to cut off their retreat to the sea do they become aggressive. - 1973

A lumberjack from the north of the Santa Fe province enjoys his earned mate. - 1973

A Guarani boy at the mission station of Padre José Marx SVD in San Ignacio - Province of Missiones - 1973

In Salta in northwest Argentina, the Spanish colonial style is still omnipresent, even though one of the decisive movements of the Argentine War of Liberation, the Gaucho Uprising, broke out here around 1810. Martin Miguel de Güemes, the leader of the rebellious gauchos, lives on in all hearts here, and the anniversary of his death (17 June 1821) sees all the gauchos of the surrounding area in red poncho (with the black ribbon of mourning), adventurously deformed sombrero and sweeping guardamontes. - 1973

In Salta in northwest Argentina, the Spanish colonial style is still omnipresent, even though one of the decisive movements of the Argentine War of Liberation, the Gaucho Uprising, broke out here around 1810. Martin Miguel de Güemes, the leader of the rebellious gauchos, lives on in all hearts here, and the anniversary of his death (17 June 1821) sees all the gauchos of the surrounding area in red poncho (with the black ribbon of mourning), adventurously deformed sombrero and sweeping guardamontes. The applause is sure to go to the one who looks most like the beloved liberator. - 1973

Reason, determination, good nature, violence and tenderness … the whole breadth of human possibilities is reflected in the faces of this people. The racial differences are just as diverse: The gaucho from Salta clearly shows that the gaucho's first wife was an Indian. - 1973

Reason, determination, good nature, violence and tenderness ... the whole breadth of human possibilities is reflected in the faces of this people. The racial differences are just as diverse: Here a gaucho from the Salta region. - 1973

Reason, determination, good nature, violence and tenderness ... the whole breadth of human possibilities is reflected in the faces of this people. The racial differences are just as diverse: the gaucho from southern Brazil testifies to the assimilating power of this melting pot of three skin colors. - 1976

Reason, determination, good nature, violence and tenderness ... the whole breadth of human possibilities is reflected in the faces of this people. The racial differences are just as diverse: The gaucho from Uruguay could also be a Spanish winegrower. - Estancia Santa Ercilia, Palomas, Province Salto, Uruguay - 1975

Not Charles Bronson, but a real gaucho. - Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil - 1976

Reason, determination, good nature, violence and tenderness ... the whole breadth of human possibilities is reflected in the faces of this people. The racial differences are just as diverse: Here a gaucho from the Salta region. - 1973

Reason, determination, good nature, violence and tenderness ... the whole breadth of human possibilities is reflected in the faces of this people. The racial differences are just as diverse: Here a capataz of the Estancia “La Amalia” (Entre Ríos province). - 1973

Reason, determination, good nature, violence and tenderness ... the whole breadth of human possibilities is reflected in the faces of this people. The racial differences are just as diverse: Chacho Royo, a gaucho from the Salta region. - Estancia Campo Alegre, Province Salta - 1975

Less formal, but even more daring, are the games in southern Brazil, in the Rio Grande do Sul, when an unruly wildling is to be ridden in a kind of rodeo, after which the blindfold is removed. The performance is commented on by fellow competitors and onlookers in a way that is as detailed as it is knowledgeable. - 1976

Chacho Royo during the Mate ritual. - Estancia Campo Alegre, Province Salta - 1975

This Indio girl from the village of Alto Caballero in the northwest of Panama belongs to the Guaymí people. - 1977

Young Cuna Indian girl from the San Blas archipelago wearing a small gold ring on her nose. These indigenous people form an ethnic group of about twenty-five thousand people. They are a very homogeneous group whose representatives are extremely proud of their culture, whether it be language, customs or beliefs. This does not prevent the Cuna, who are highly intelligent, from being attentive to everything that is happening in the world. Many of them work outside as teachers, doctors, lawyers or artists. Each Cuna community is headed by a chief, who reports to one of the three main caciques of the region. The responsibilities of the latter extend to all the representatives of the ethnic group. A daily meeting of the members of the community allows everyone to speak and express their opinions and judgements on the most diverse problems that the natives have to face. A more democratic system of government could not be imagined!

Young Cuna Indian woman from the San Blas archipelago. She wears a small gold ring on her nose. These indigenous people form a nation of about 25 000 people. They are a very unified group whose members are exceptionally proud of their culture, language, customs and beliefs. Each Cuna community has a leader, who in turn is under the command of one of the three main caciques of the region. The responsibility of the caciques encompasses the entire ethnic community. The daily meeting of the members of the community allows everyone to speak, present their views and express their opinions on the various issues facing the indigenous people. A more democratic system of government could not be imagined! - 1977

School is out. The little girl Yola from Puerto Cortés in Honduras is on her way home. His umbrella protects against both the rain and the sun. - 1977

An Indian woman from the village of Panchimalco, located in the centre of El Salvador. - 1977

A Mayan woman at the Friday market in San Francisco El Alto in the department of Totonicapán, Guatemala. Following the example of their ancestors from pre-Columbian times, Mayan women today still carry everything on their heads, the laundry they washed at the river, the fruits, utensils, edibles and small pets they want to sell at the market. To do so, they use magnificent baskets made by the artisans of their community. - 1977

Indian girl from San Cristobal de Totonicapán, a picturesque village in western Guatemala. The indigenous people of Guatemala, who make up almost half of the country's population, are found mainly in the mountainous regions. They are divided into six main ethnic groups, each with a number of subgroups. Most of the Indians are more or less direct descendants of the pre-Columbian Maya, from whom they have inherited many traditions in terms of daily activities, social life, beliefs and crafts. However, they have not been without the influence of Western culture, from which they have borrowed many elements. Nevertheless, the present-day Indians of Guatemala and neighbouring regions continue to courageously defend an invaluable heritage that gives the country its personality. - 1977

Harvest in the grain fields near Quezaltenango. This boy carries a sheaf of wheat. - 1977

Mother and child photographed on the road from Quezaltenango to the capital of Guatemala. Like their more distant pre-Columbian ancestors, today's Mayan women carry everything on their heads: the clothes they have washed at the river, the products of the land and crafts, the provisions for the road or even the small domestic animals they go to sell at the nearest market. For this purpose, they use beautiful baskets made by artists from their community. The youngest child in the family accompanies his mother on all her journeys. Thus, from a very young age, the Indian child comes into contact with all the realities of the daily life of the woman to whom he owes his birth. - 1977

A Moor working in the Idjil salt mine near the present-day town of F'dérik. - Mauritania - 1968

A Berber woman travelling the streets of Chinguetti with a group of musicians. - Mauritania - 1968

Berber nomad woman with child at Cara Aderg camp near El Beyedh, Maretania. - 1970

This old man from Tidjikja, southern Mauritania, has the typical features of his breed. The sun and life in the wide open spaces have chiselled his countenance and shaped him. - Mauritania - 1968

The nomad Sidi Ali Ali from the Tamchekett region in Mauritania. - 1970

A little girl from Akreïjit with a very special haircut. - Mauritania - 1970

Moorish woman from Tichitt - Mauritania - 1970

The little girl Lemine Oul Boulabatt from Oualata in Mauritania. - Mauritania - 1970

Targui Litni in Sidi Mohammed's camp on the track through the Hoggar. - Algeria - 1966

These three Arabs have plenty of time to chat. - Ksar Ikiss oasis south of Adrar in Algeria. - 1971

Young Tuareg in Ghadames in Libya. - 1969

A young girl from Ghadames in Libya. - 1969

Fadhi, the daughter of Philippon, in a festive costume - Djanet - Algeria - 1969

Zouï oasis near Bardaï. In the enclosed courtyard of a Toubou house, an old woman is busy weaving baskets. The palm fibres woven into strips, put together, make baskets or sleeping mats. While the substructure of the houses is made of brick, the roof is made of large rushes, which can be found almost everywhere in the Sahara. - Chad - 1967

Mrs Leclerc with child. The tubu woman is beautiful, the facial features and fine physique suggest a Mediterranean rather than a negroid type. - Bardaï - Tibesti - Chad - 1967

A young Tubu from the Tibesti. The origin of these nomads remains a mystery. According to certain traits, they could belong to the black race, according to others they are more Mediterranean or even Ethiopian in type. - Tibesti - Chad - 1967

Young Tubu woman in the Maman Delaï camp near Chirfa in Djado - Niger - 1968

In Chirfa in eastern Niger, Indi Kouarodo shows us a different pattern of African beauty. The rich ornamentation of her garment comes from nearby Libya. - Djado - Niger - 1968

Young Kanouri woman in the village of Anney in the Kaouar valley - Niger - 1968

Young canoe woman from Séguédine. Like the tubu women, she wears a ring in the right wing of her nose, which represents a snake curling in a circle. The fine plaits of the hairstyle are re-braided about once a month. Grease or oil is added to make them shiny. – Kaouar – Niger – 1966

Young canoe woman from Séguédine. Like the tubu women, she wears a ring in the right wing of her nose, which represents a snake curling in a circle. The fine plaits of the hairstyle are re-braided about once a month. Grease or oil is added to make them shiny. – Kaouar – Niger – 1975

Kanouri woman with her traditional nose ring, Séguédine oasis - Kaouar - Niger - 1975

Salt statues, a living eternity. - Salt workers in the Kalala salt works near Bilma. - Kaouar - Ténéré - Niger - 1975

Untouched portrait of a worker at the Bilma saline. – Kaouar – Ténéré – Niger – 1975

Kayar is a small coastal town in Senegal, north of Dakar. Traditional fishing is the most important economic activity in Kayar. A girl sells fish at the market. - Senegal - 1969

This old man from Tidjikja, southern Mauritania, has the typical features of his breed. The sun and life in the wide open spaces have chiselled his countenance and shaped him. - Mauritania - 1969

A girl from Timbédra. This place is a small market centre and is located on the Route de l'Espoir, the only west-east asphalt road crossing the country. - Mauritania - 1969

This Moor waits for a job in the port of Kabara. - Mali - 1969

A Fula woman adorned with rich jewelry from Boré, located in the Mopti area. - Mali - 1969

A young girl from the Gourma region, Mali, offers milk in a calabash. The nomads have not adopted pottery, which is too fragile for transport purposes. However, they know how to boil liquids in a simple skin bag stretched over a wooden hoop by throwing heated stones into it. The consistency of the forms from prehistoric times to the present day is admirable. - Mali - 1969

These girls are a splendid example of the Fula tribe found between Douentza and Hombori in Mali. The graceful harmony of the fine features, illuminated by an intelligent smile, is remarkable. The Fulbe belong to the large family of the Peul. - Mali - 1969

This girl is a splendid example of the Fulbe tribe found between Douentza and Hombori in Mali. The graceful harmony of the fine features, illuminated by an intelligent smile, are remarkable. The Fulbe belong to the large family of the Peul. - Mali - 1969

Young girl from the town of Hombori, which lies between Mopti and Gao on the edge of the Hombori-Tondo table mountain. This area is inhabited by the Gurma tribe. - Mali - 1969

Young woman from the town of Hombori, which lies between Mopti and Gao on the edge of the Hombori-Tondo table mountain. This area is inhabited by the Gurma tribe. - Mali - 1969

Typical of their breed are the tattoos on the Bororo's face. The ears, pierced all along the rim by many holes, allow to wear amazing amounts of silver rings. Strings around the neck are used to hold various collections of amulets. - Fountain of Ekisman - Niger - 1970

This young Peul wears the typical hat of the Zinder region - Southern Niger - 1970

South of Agadez, on the road to Zinder, lies the village of Tanout. Members of sub-groups of the Kanuri, Fula (Peul) and Tuareg ethnic groups live in this area, all of them mainly practising agropastoralism. This Peul-Bororo woman radiates beauty and elegance. - Tanout - Niger - 1970

Portrait of a Touareg of the Kel Idjera-Ajeroven tribe. Algeria - Tassili n'Ajjer - 1993

Abakaoua, the chief of the Tuareg tribe Tel-Kédélé - Oued Torguit - Aïr - Niger - 1999

A Targia in the camp at the Crab Claw at the end of the Oued Arakao - Aïr - Niger - 2000

Targi in the camp near the well of Faris - Air - Niger - 1992

Ahmed ag Kanom, the brother of the clan chief Abakaoua - Camp of the Kel-Tédélé-Tuareg - Oued Gouloukou - Kogo - Air - Niger - 1992

Young Targia in the Kel-Tédélé camp in the Oued Tchiulmas at the foot of the Tamgak massif - Aïr - Niger - 1992

Targia in the Kel-Tédélé camp in the Oued Tchiulmas at the foot of the Tamgak massif - Aïr - Niger - 1992

A young Targia in the camp of Abakaoua, the clan leader of the Kel-Tédélé - Adrar Chiriet - Aïr - Niger - 1992

Targia at the well of Tezirzek - Between the high plateau of the Ténéré and the Aïr Mountains, the well of Tezirkek attracts nomads and their animals. Unlike the men, the women do not wear headscarves. - Aïr - Niger - 2003

Women's smiles - The smiles of the women at the well of Tezirzek testify to their confidence in their freedom and the serenity that a hard but happy life brings. - Aïr - Niger - 2003

Women's smiles - The smiles of the women at the well of Tezirzek testify to their confidence in their freedom and the serenity that a hard but happy life gives. - Aïr - Niger - 2003

Tuareg boy in the camp of the Kel-Iguéga of Tezirzek - Aïr - Niger - 1992

The brother of Abakaoua, head of the Kel-Tedélé clan, with his son - Tezirzek well - Niger - Aïr - 1992

Portrait of a Targis in the Kel-Iguéga camp near Tezirzek - Aïr - Niger - 1992

A veil of respect - To follow the ancestral way of life, tradition and freedom merge in mutual respect. - Camp of Chanounou - Aïr - Niger - 2003

Wife of Chanounou, the chief of a traditional Tuareg tribe - Aïr - Niger - 2003

Boubakar ag Mohamed, a proud Targi in the camp of Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2002

Armali ag Aglai, a proud Targi in the camp of Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2002

Abdelkrim ag Ahmed, a proud Targi in the camp of Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2002

Ahmed ag Chaoua, a proud Targi in the camp of Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2002

Bachar ag Ahmouda, a proud Targi in the camp of Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2002

Abakaoua ag Kanom, the clan chief of the Kel-Tédélé in the camp of Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2002

Sidi ag Atuwal, a proud Targi in the camp of Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2002

Irham, a proud Targi in the camp of Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2002

Ibrahim, a proud Targi in the camp of Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2002

Boubakar ag Mohamed - Guelta Baloumat - Aïr - Niger - 2003

A proud Targi - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2003

Ahmed ag Chaoua - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2003

Irham - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2003

Bachar ag Ahmouda - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2003

Abakaoua ag Kanom, the Kel-Tédélé clan chief - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2003

Abdelkrim, son of Ahmed ag Chaoua - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2003

Chemma - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2003

Ibrahim - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2003

Achmed ag Chaoua from the Kel-Tédélé tribe takes a well-earned rest - Aïr - Niger - 2000

Portrait Touareg Arali - Tamgak - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Portrait Touareg Eikerim - Tamgak - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Portrait Touareg Chemma ag Gafid - Tamgak - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Portrait Touareg Hiram, the prayer leader of the camel drivers - Tamgak - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Portrait of Touareg Bachar ag Akhmadou - Tamgak - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Portrait of Touareg Abakaoua, chief of the Kel-Tédélé clan - Tamgak - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Ibrahim in the gardens of Iferouâne - Aïr - Niger - 2000

Abakaoua, the chief of the Tel-Kédéle clan, takes a break - Tamgak - Aïr - Niger - 2000

Ibrahim ag Arambi - in the gardens of Iferouâne - Aïr - Niger - 2000

Targia with child - in the gardens of Iferouâne - Aïr - Niger - 2000

A young Targia with her child in the camp of Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2000

Young Targia with traditional jewellery - Oued Timia - Niger - Aïr - 1992

A boy from the town of Iferouâne - Niger - Aïr - 1992

Portrait of a Targis in the gardens of Iferouâne - Aïr - Niger - 1999

Tatum, a young Targia, weaving ribbons that are further processed into mats - Iberkom - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Portrait of Tatum, a Targia in the camp of Chemma - Iberkom - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Portrait of a Targia in the camp of Chemma - Iberkom - Aïr - Niger - 2001

This Targia is called Tima and is the daughter of Ibrahim - Toufouchi camp - Aïr - Niger - 2001

This Targia is called Tima and is the daughter of Ibrahim - She uses Khol, a powder, to apply make-up - Toufouchi camp - Aïr - Niger - 2001

A Targia in the Toufouchi camp - Aïr - Niger - 2001

The chief’s toothbrush - Boubakar ag Mohamed does not smoke. He uses this piece of wood, taken from a very widespread bush in the Sahara called the «Abesgouin», to clean his teeth – which by no means detracts from the authority in his eyes! - Camp Boubakar - Aïr - Niger - 2001

A Targia in the Boubakar camp - Aïr - Niger - 2001

A young Targi in the Boubakar camp - Aïr - Niger - 2001

A young Targia in the Boubakar camp - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Portrait Touareg Omar al Mahadj of the Kel-Takriza clan - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Ibrahim of Toufouchi - In the camp near Iferouâne - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Ibrahim in the gardens near Iferouâne - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Targia in Ibrahim's camp in the gardens near Iferouâne - Aïr - Niger - 2001

The Targi Ibrahim in the camp of Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Tuareg girl in the camp of Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Young Targia in the Zakkat camp - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Selima, a Targia from Zakkat - Her husband is still a nomad, but Selima has settled down. In the oasis of Zakkat, she raises her two children and looks after a herd of goats. A Targia is a Tuareg woman, a Targi is a man. - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Yvonne, a Targia from Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Yvonne, a Targia from Zakkat, has just come from the hairdresser - Aïr - Niger - 2001

A little girl from Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Boubakar, a proud Targi in the Zakkat camp - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Boubakar, a proud Targi in the camp of Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

The Amenokal of Iferouane - Among the Tuareg, the Amenokal (plural Imenokalen) or Tamenokalt, if it is a woman (plural Timenokalin), is the head of a Tuareg confederation (Kel), who is elected from the few relatives of the deceased Amenokal and seems to be wise enough to bring the loose confederation closer together. He holds the ettebel (war drum), the symbol of his power. The term Amenokal can be translated as "emperor" in English. The best-known Amenokal of the Tuareg is undoubtedly Queen Tin Hinan, who was a famous Tamenokalt. She founded the Kel Ahaggar community in the Ahaggar – Aïr – Niger - 2001

The Amenokal of Iferouane - Among the Tuareg, the Amenokal (plural Imenokalen) or Tamenokalt, if it is a woman (plural Timenokalin), is the head of a Tuareg confederation (Kel), who is elected from the few relatives of the deceased Amenokal and seems to be wise enough to bring the loose confederation closer together. He holds the ettebel (war drum), the symbol of his power. The term Amenokal can be translated as "emperor" in English. The best-known Amenokal of the Tuareg is undoubtedly Queen Tin Hinan, who was a famous Tamenokalt. She founded the Kel Ahaggar community in the Ahaggar - Niger - Aïr - 2001

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