In the camp at Oued Agamgam - Aïr - Niger

The camp Bechar is situated at the well of Zakkat - Niger

Finally again water - camp Toufouchi - Guelta Enghar – Niger

The Tuareg women produce richly decorated camel covers - camp Zakkat - Niger

A baby carrier made of goat leather for the little Djamila in the camp of Toufouchi – Aïr –Niger.

Sheltered by trees at the Kel Tédélé camp site.

The pantry – or the best way to keep food out of animal reach.

Preparing tea at the Toufouchi camp site. (Aïr, Niger)

A cradle made of goat leather for little Djamila. (Toufouchi, Aïr, Niger)

A Tuareg woman, placid pride rooted in a millennia-old matriarchate. (Oued Tchioulmas, Aïr, Niger)

Mother and children at the Arali camp site. (Oued Issaouane, Aïr, Niger)

Tima using her goat´s milk to make a cheese called Tukemarine. (Toufouchi, Aïr, Niger)

Tuareg nomads selling salt cakes at the camp site. (Camp Aouï, Aïr, Niger)

This Tuareg boy´s hair plaits are consecrated to Allah. - Campement Abakaoua / Puits de Faris / Tezirzek / Aïr / Niger

The Tuareg Kel Tédélé - Kogo / Aïr / Niger

Aïr / Toufouchi / Pantry Food and cooking utensils are placed high to protect them against animals. All the containers come from nature, except the pot.

Zakkat / Building a roof In the oases, the nomads exchange meat and milk for the grain of the gardeners and the tools of the blacksmiths. The huts are often made of straw and leaves.

Aïr / Camp Chanounou / A veil of respect To guide the ancestral way of life, tradition and freedom are combined with respect for each other.

Toufouchi / Gift of the sky In the shade of a tree, swinging gently in a goat skin hanging from a supple branch, the young child is the object of all attention.

Toufouchi / The school of life In order to participate in the life of the camp, the girl learns the necessary skills at an early age so she can help the family. Here she is preparing to grind millet in a mortar.

The tea water is boiled on an open fire. Targui Litni in Sidi Mohammed's camp on the track through the Hoggar. - Algeria - 1966

Tuareg nomad camp in the Oued Djerat in the Tassili Mountains. - Algeria - 1962

A Tuareg woman grinds the grain on a stone mill - Camp Idriss - Dider - Tassili n'Ajjer. - Algeria - 1966

Tubu camp in the Enneri Tao (central Tibesti). - Chad - 1967

Two tubu women having a chat while preparing the traditional dish in a wooden mortar. - Chad - 1967

An old Tubu with weapon and bridle for his dromedary in a camp on the way to Enneri Blaka - Niger - 1968

Two Kanuri women with child in the Maman Delaï camp near Chirfa in Djado - Niger - 1968

Tubu women dressed in splendid robes in front of their tent in the Maman Delaï camp near Chirfa in Djado - Niger - 1968

A group of Tuareg nomads have completed their barter transactions near Adrar Madet and are getting ready to return to the Aïr Mountains. - Adrar Madet - Niger - 2002

Evening atmosphere in the camp at Guelta Agamgam - Aïr - Niger - 1999

Mobile pantry in the camp at Oued Agamgam - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Camp Agamgam - Pumpkin container that is usually filled with milk, yoghurt or cream cheese. - Aïr - Niger - 1992

In Camp Agamgam - Aïr - Niger - 1992

In the camp at the Crab Claw at the end of the Oued Arakao - Aïr - Niger - 2000

Camp in the dunes of Lérouanan - Erg Izane - Aïr - Niger - 2000

On the threshold of the entrance to Erg Izane, a large sea of sand dunes. - Aïr - Niger - 2002

The dromedaries return from grazing - Camp in the dunes of Lérouanan - Aïr - Niger - 2000

In the camp of the Kel-Tédélé-Tuareg in the Oued Gouloukou - Kogo - Aïr - Niger - 1992

Preparing food in the Kel-Tédélé-Tuareg camp - Oued Gouloukou - Kogo - Aïr - Niger - 1992

In the camp near the well of Faris - Air - Niger - 1992

The camp against the backdrop of Adrar Chiriet - Aïr - Niger - 2002

The camp is broken, the dromedaries are loaded again and then the journey continues to Adrar Chiriet - Aïr - Niger - 2001

The fruits of an acacia tree - called afagag in the Tuareg language - serve as fodder for the goats - Adrar Chiriet - Aïr - Niger - 1992

Boys and girls in the camp of Abakaoua, the Kel-Tédélé clan leader - Adrar Chiriet - Aïr - Niger - 1992

Lunch stop - resting during the hottest part of the day - Feeding the dromedaries - Erg Izane - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Lunch stop - Temet, the Azawakh taking a siesta - Erg Izane - Aïr - Niger - 2001

A tent is quickly erected for the kitchen - Erg Izane - Aïr - Niger - 2001

The Tuareg erect a tent and seek shelter from the blazing sun - Erg Izane - Aïr - Niger - 2001

It's midday - The shady tent is pitched - Erg Izane - Aïr - Niger - 2002

Resting under the shady tent during the heat of the day - Erg Izane - Aïr - Niger - 2002

I wonder what the cook is preparing? - Erg Izane - Aïr - Niger - 2002

Lunch break - Erg Izane - Aïr - Niger - 2002

The camp of Tanao against the backdrop of the Tamgak - Erg Izane - Aïr - Niger - 2002

The Tanao camp against the backdrop of the Tamgak - Erg Izane - Aïr - Niger - 2002

Camp at the foot of the Adrar Bous - Niger - Aïr - 2003

Camp in the Temet region, south of Adrar Bous - Niger - Aïr - 2003

After arriving at Tezirzek camp, the woman's saddle has to be repaired - Niger - Aïr - 2003

Three Targias in the Tezirzek camp - An old tin barrel serves as a drum - Niger - Aïr - 2003

Two happy Targias in the Tezirzek camp - Niger - Aïr - 2003

A young Targi in the Abakaoua camp in Tezirzek - Niger - Aïr - 1992

The brother of the clan chief Abakoua fetches a dromedary from the pasture - Niger - Aïr - 1992

Members of the Kel-Iguéga clan in the Tezirzek camp - Niger - Aïr - 1992

"Tent" of a family of the Kel-Iguéga clan in the Tezirzek camp - Niger - Aïr - 1992

Camp in the dunes - Between Tezirzek and the Oued Tchioulmas - Niger - Aïr - 2003

Boubakar has to make a new rope - Camp in Oued Tchioulmas - Niger - Aïr - 2003

Playing draughts in the camp in Oued Tchioulmas - Niger - Aïr - 2003

Warehouse in the Oued Aouï - Salt from Bilma is traded here - Niger - Aïr - 2003

Camp in the Oued Aouï - Tea is prepared in the morning - A taguella is being baked between the teapots - Niger - Aïr - 2003

Cérémonie du thé au camp de Tachaouit - Niger - Aïr - 2003

Preparation of food in the Tachaouit camp - Niger - Aïr - 2003

The dromedaries are freed from their burden - Tachaouit camp - Niger - Aïr - 2003

Evening atmosphere in the camp of Chanounou - Niger - Aïr - 2003

Everything that needs to be kept safe from the goats is hung up in the appropriate place - Chanounou camp - Niger - Aïr - 2003

Sleeping place in the camp of Chanounou - Niger - Aïr - 2003

Still life in the camp of Chanounou - Niger - Aïr - 2003

The Guelta Baloumat in the gorge between the two Tamgak mountains - Aïr - Niger - 2001

During the hottest part of the day, the men find a shady place to rest - Niger - Aïr - 2003

Shortly before spending the night in the camp at Guelta Baloumat - Niger - Aïr - 2003

In the evening, the camp is set up for the night at the Baloumat guelta - Aïr - Niger - 2002

The camel drivers sit around the fire under which the traditional taguella is cooked - Guelta Baloumat - Aïr - Niger - 2002

The meat of a goat is cut into pieces and roasted on the fire - Guelta Baloumat - Aïr - Niger - 2002

The cook prepares the food - On the right in front a guerba with water - Camp at Guelta Baloumat - Niger - Aïr - 2003

Tea ceremony in the camp of Chanounou - Niger - Aïr - 2003

A new rope is being made - The white stripes are made of plastic! - Camp at Guelta Baloumat - Niger - Aïr - 2003

Boubakar twists a new string from plastic strips - Guelta Baloumat - Aïr - Niger - 2002

‘Water is life’, the delicious liquid is bottled in the goatskin guerba - Guelta Baloumat - Aïr - Niger - 2002

A Targi with his takuba, the sword of the nobleman. As former warriors, the Tuareg are often homesick for their past. In their secret thoughts, they revive the memory of the former rezzous, raids against the caravans that brought slaves and gold up from the south. - Guelta Baloumat - Aïr - Niger - 2002

A Targi with his takuba, the sword of the nobles. As former warriors, the Tuareg are often homesick for their past. In their secret thoughts, they revive the memory of the former rezzous, raids against the caravans that brought slaves and gold up from the south. - Guelta Baloumat - Aïr - Niger - 2002

A guerba was filled with water from the Guelta Baloumat - Niger - Aïr - 2003

Camp on the edge of the Tamgak massif - Tamgak - Aïr - Niger - 2000

Camp at the end of the gorge that runs right through the Tamgak massif. The tent made of mats is for visitors to the area. The camel saddles are parked in front of the tent - Tamgak - Aïr - Niger - 2001

The dromedaries are loaded again in the camp at the exit of the gorge - Tamgak - Aïr - Niger - 2001

The obligatory taguella is prepared in the camp - Niger - Aïr - 2003

Back at the Zakkat camp near the confluence of the Tamgak and Zakkat rivers - Aïr - Niger - 2002

Traditional well at Zakkat - The water is lifted from the depths of the well in a sack with the help of a cow or a dromedary -- Niger - Aïr - 2003

A last camp in the sand dunes before the caravan makes its way through the mountains - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Camp on the edge of the Tamgak Mountains - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Camp on the edge of the Tamgak Mountains - A tagella, the bread of the Tuareg nomads, is baked in sand heated by fire - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Resting in the shade of a tree at the Guelta Iffazane - Aïr - Niger - 2000

Early morning in the camp at Guelta Iffazane - Aïr - Niger - 2002

The Adrar Tamgak is located in the north-east of the Aïr and is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Aïr and Ténéré Nature Reserve. The mountain massif is divided into a northern and a southern section by a deep, arching gorge running in a west-east direction. The western entrance to the gorge is around five kilometres from the village of Iférouane. Its eastern exit leads into the sand dunes of the Ténéré desert to the south-west of the Chiriet massif. Underground water flows to the surface at the side gorges, creating large pools of water, especially in the western part. The dry valley running through the gorge is the Tamgak, with the Toufouchi and the Zakkat as important tributaries. - Tamgak - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Taguella is a flatbread, the staple food of the Tuareg living in the Sahara. It is a disc-shaped bread made from wheat flour, which is baked under hot sand and charcoal from a small fire. The bread is then broken into small pieces and eaten with a meat sauce. - Tamgak - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Eating millet and milk together - The hand replaces the fork - Tamgak - Aïr - Niger - 2001

There is always enough time for a chat at mealtime - Tamgak - Aïr - Niger - 2000

Lunch is prepared at the camp - Tamgak - Aïr - Niger - 2000

Camp at a guelta in the gorge between the two Tamgak mountain ranges - Aïr - Niger - 2000

Camp at a guelta in the gorge between the two Tamgak mountain ranges - Note that the bush serves as a pantry - Aïr - Niger - 2000

The evening tea ritual in the camp - Tamgak - Aïr - Niger - 2000

In the evening at the camp, a taguella is baked - Tamgak - Aïr - Niger - 2000

Portrait of a Targis in the gardens of Iferouâne - Aïr - Niger - 1992

Tatum, a young Targia, weaving ribbons that are further processed into mats - Iberkom - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Selima preparing cheese from goat's milk - Chemma camp in Iberkom - Niger - Aïr - 2001

A Targia making cheese from goat's milk - Chemma camp in Iberkom - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Tuareg women preparing a meal - Niger - Aïr - 2001

The fire must be rekindled - Toufouchi camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Wood must be pushed close so that the fire does not go out - Toufouchi camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Tuareg women preparing a meal - On the left, the goat's cheese is being dried - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Ibrahim's daughters fetch the precious water from the waterhole - Toufouchi camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Ibrahim's daughter tastes the precious water from the waterhole - Toufouchi camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Ibrahim's wife with her daughter Djamila - Toufouchi camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

A goatskin baby carrier for little Djamila in the Toufouchi camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Pantry - Food and cooking utensils are placed at height to protect them from animals. All containers come from nature, except the pot - Toufouchi camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Tea ceremony in Toufouchi camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

I wonder if the grandmother is looking after her grandchild here? - Toufouchi camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

With the vessels in her hand, this young Targia looks round for a goat to be milked - Toufouchi camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Return from the well - The guerba is filled with water - Toufouchi camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

In the evening, the dromedaries are taken from the pasture at the Boubakar camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Nomad tents in Boubakar camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Milking a goat must be practised - Boubakar camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Pounding millet in a mortar - In the background a sleeping place - Boubakar camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

The wealth of a Tuareg clan is reflected in the number of goats - Boubakar camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Milking a goat must be practised - Boubakar camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

The wealth of a Tuareg clan is reflected in the number of goats - Boubakar camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Preparations for making a taguella - Boubakar camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Nomad tent with sleeping quarters in the Boubakar camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Two proud Tuareg ride through the camp on their dromedaries - On the left the clan chief Bachar - Tanet Mellet - Niger - Aïr - 2001

The water is fetched from the depths in a leather sack - Tanet Mellet - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Bachar (left), the boss, sits on the edge of the well and chats with a member of his clan - Tanet Mellet - Niger - Aïr - 2001

The vital water is poured into the drinking trough for the animals - Tanet Mellet well - Bachar camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

A guerba is filled with water - Tanet Mellet well - Bachar camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

At the well Tanet Mellet - On the left the chief Bachar - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Targia with child in the Irham camp at the Tanet Mellet well - Niger - Aïr - 2001

The Targia Jennifer in the camp of Irham - Aïr - Niger - 2001

In the Irham camp near the Tanet Mellet well - Everything that must be out of reach of the goats is either hung up or stored on a rack - Niger - Aïr - 2001

A Tuareg nomad bed with Achmed, Fatma and Siliha. The frame is made of aborak wood, the mat is woven from palm leaves - Irham camp at the well of Tanet Mellet - Niger - Aïr - 2001

A dromedary mare is milked at Brahim's camp near Iferouâne - Niger - Aïr - 2001

The water is channelled to the plants - Ibrahim's camp near Iferouâne - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Ibrahim with his children in his camp near Iferouâne - Niger - Aïr - 2001

The little son of Ibrahim during his siesta - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Ibrahim's house near Iferouâne - Niger - Aïr - 2001

In the camp at the confluence of the Tamgak and Zakkat rivers - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Targia with child in the camp at the confluence of the Tamgak and Zakkat rivers - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Landscape at the camp near the confluence of the Tamgak and Zakkat rivers - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Landscape at the camp near the confluence of the Tamgak and Zakkat rivers - The goat herd is led to pasture - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Landscape at the camp in the area of the confluence of the Tamgak and Zakkat rivers - The goat herd is led to pasture - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Traditional well at the camp near the confluence of the Tamgak and Zakkat rivers - The dromedary pulls the goatskin water container out of the well to irrigate the maize field - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Irrigation of the maize field at the camp near the confluence of the Tamgak and Zakkat rivers - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Traditional well at the camp near the confluence of the Tamgak and Zakkat rivers - The dromedary pulls the goatskin water container out of the well to irrigate the maize field - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Traditional well at the camp near the confluence of the Tamgak and Zakkat rivers - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Traditional well at the camp near the confluence of the Tamgak and Zakkat rivers - The dromedary pulls the goatskin water container out of the well to irrigate the maize field - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Traditional well at the camp near the confluence of the Tamgak and Zakkat rivers - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Traditional well at the camp near the confluence of the Tamgak and Zakkat rivers - Not only dromedaries are used to pull up the water container, but also zebus - Aïr - Niger - 2002

In the Zakkat camp at the confluence of the Tamgak and Zakkat rivers. Two Targias prepare the ‘sieve’ made of wheat straw, which is used to drain the goat cheese Toukamarin - Aïr - Niger - 2001

In the Zakkat camp at the confluence of the Tamgak and Zakkat rivers. A Targia shows her visitor how to drain Toukamarin goat's cheese - Aïr - Niger - 2001

In the Zakkat camp at the confluence of the Tamgak and Zakkat rivers. The process of draining Toukamarin goat's cheese takes its course - Aïr - Niger - 2001

A great toy can be made from simple means - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Making a mat woven from palm leaves - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Selima washing her pots - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Appointment with the hairdresser - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

The millet for the taguella is pounded in a mortar - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

A Targia preparing tea - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

People like to combine the preparation of a meal with a chat - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

On the day of the ‘Méchoui’, a whole sheep is roasted over the fire in honour of the guests - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Two Targis return to the camp on their dromedaries - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

The Achekwa, a camel bag, is made by the wife of the blacksmith, the Malem - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

The achekwa, a camel bag, is made by the wife of the blacksmith, the malem - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Detail of an achekwa, a camel bag, made by the wife of the blacksmith, the malem - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Detail of an achekwa, a camel bag made by the wife of the blacksmith, the malem - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Departure atmosphere at the camp in the region of the confluence of the Tamgak and Zakkat rivers - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Sedentary Tuareg build a hut surrounded by cultivable land - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

At the foot of the ‘Sous-Marin’ of the Berliet Mission, the ‘Mission Blaka’ set up its base camp under a rock shelter, protected by a dune. Between the end of November and mid-December 1968, the expedition discovered 7 new stations with rock art.

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