Tuareg women take care of their goats in the camp near Oued Timia - Niger

Tima using her goat´s milk to make a cheese called Tukemarine. (Toufouchi, Aïr, Niger)

The trees feed the goats, which feed the nomads (Nord-Aïr / Niger)

The shadows are getting longer
The evening arrives and the shepherdess returns to the oasis with her little herd of goats.
Algeria - Djanet - 1967

An extraordinary picture! Goats pulling a cart in Choluteca, Honduras. - 1977

The shadows are getting longer, evening is coming. The shepherdess returns to the oasis with her meagre herd of goats. In the background, the Arab village of Azzelouaz, which together with the Tuareg-inhabited Adjahil and the predominantly black El Mihan forms the most important oasis in southern Algeria, Djanet. - Algeria - 1962

Somewhere in the Tassili, a Targui returns home; and nothing in his posture, nothing in his surroundings, nothing in his clothes yet makes us think that the mineral resources of the Sahara will one day turn him into a man of the distant 21st century. And yet ... ! - Algeria - 1962

Nomadic Tubu herders on their way to Bardaï. While the men go on foot, pushing their donkeys and goats in front of them, the camels, heavily loaded, close the march. In the distance, the spiky triangle of the Botoum peak (2416 m altitude) rises up. - Tibesti - Chad - 1967

Caravan of Tubu nomads on the track leading to Bardaï. The men walk, the camels trotting behind the donkeys and the goats, carrying heavy loads. In the background, the rugged triangle of Pic Botoum. - Tibesti - Chad - 1967

A herd of goats rests by a pool formed during the rainy season. 46 km north-east of Tahoua - Niger - 1970

Situation of the "Martian" in the Séfar fresco. The width of the mural depicted here measures 8 m. Algeria - Tassili n'Ajjer - 1993

An archer appears to be kneeling before a stylised mouflon. Below left are two elephant heads. Below right, a person in a long tunic that is tight at the waist. From the front paw to the back paw: 0.30 m. Algeria - Tassili n'Ajjer - Séfar - 1993

Rock engraving, found on the left side of the Wadi Tagueït. - Niger - 2001

A herd of goats in the upper part of the Oued Agamgam, descending from the high plateau of Takolokouzet - Aïr - Niger - 2001

A herd of goats descending from the high plateau of Takolokouzet - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Preparing food in the Kel-Tédélé-Tuareg camp - Oued Gouloukou - Kogo - Aïr - Niger - 1992

A goat being milked - Kel-Tédélé-Tuareg camp - Oued Gouloukou - Kogo - Aïr - Niger - 1992

The well of Faris. Right beside it grows an Aborak tree, a desert date palm (Balanites aegyptiaca) - Air - Niger - 1992

The fruits of an acacia tree - called afagag in the Tuareg language - serve as fodder for the goats - Adrar Chiriet - Aïr - Niger - 1992

The goats are supplied with water - Well of Tezirzek- Niger - Aïr - 1992

The Guelta Mirroir in the valley of the Gueltas (waterholes), in the northern part of the Tamgak massif, also called Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2002

Camp at a guelta in the gorge between the two Tamgak mountain ranges - Note that the bush serves as a pantry - Aïr - Niger - 2000

Two Targias lead their goats to a new feeding place in the Oued Timia - Niger - Aïr - 1992

Chemma has set up camp on the edge of the Tamgak Mountains - The goats are taken from the pasture in the evening - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Acacia raddiana (called Afagag in the Tuareg language) grows in dry areas and has many uses. The species is common in the driest areas along temporary watercourses on light, well-drained soils. Although the wood is not used industrially, it has many local uses, not least because of its importance for feeding animals and occasionally people (famines). In traditional medicine, Acacia raddiana is known to be a particularly effective wound-healing agent. The wood is a much sought-after fuel (firewood and charcoal) and a favorite material for handicrafts (mortars, bowls, etc.) - Camp Chemma - Niger - Aïr - Iberkom - 2001

In the Chemma camp in Iberkom - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Tima uses goat's milk to make cheese called Tukemarine - Toufouchi camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Everywhere on earth the wind helps to separate the wheat from the chaff - Targia Raisa with her children Fatima and Hamed -Toufouchi camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Nomad tents in Boubakar camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Milking a goat must be practised - Boubakar camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

The wealth of a Tuareg clan is reflected in the number of goats - Boubakar camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

Milking a goat must be practised - Boubakar camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

The wealth of a Tuareg clan is reflected in the number of goats - Boubakar camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

The well Tanet Mellet (= small beautiful well) at the camp of Bachar - Niger - Aïr - 2001

The vital water is poured into the drinking trough for the animals - Tanet Mellet well - Bachar camp - Niger - Aïr - 2001

At the well Tanet Mellet - On the left the chief Bachar - Niger - Aïr - 2001

At the well of Eghaghar or Erarar - Aïr - Niger - 2001

In the camp at the confluence of the Tamgak and Zakkat rivers - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Landscape at the camp near the confluence of the Tamgak and Zakkat rivers - The goat herd is led to pasture - Aïr - Niger - 2001

Landscape at the camp in the area of the confluence of the Tamgak and Zakkat rivers - The goat herd is led to pasture - Aïr - Niger - 2001

The dark-coloured tree is an acacia (called afagag in the Tuareg language), the light-coloured tree is a liana. Both often grow together in symbiosis - Zakkat - Aïr - Niger - 2001

70 - Dabous (Western Aïr). - Animal fresco: giraffe, goats (?) etc. Note the deep lines of the engraving, despite the "equine" appearance of the giraffe, which measures 1.15 meters from the nostrils to the tail.

183 - Oued Mathendous. In Habeter II. - Confronted goats. From the top of the horns on the right to the bottom of the legs: 0.60 m.

229 - Tadrart Acacous. Teshouinat-Tagzelt. – Chariot period. Two horses in the posture of the “flying gallop.” A “diabolo” man runs behind them. Through a curious effect of false perspective, the painter depicted the platform chariot with its driver above it, but the reins are visible. At the bottom right, a goat is running. From the front hooves to the back hooves of the horses: 0.37 m in length.

233 - Tadrart Acacous. Teshouinat-Tagzelt. - Engraved elephant, a depiction that is rare in the Acacous. From the front foot to the back foot: 1.23 m in length. (Photos 232, 234, and 237 come from the same shelter.)

233 - Tadrart Acacous. Teshouinat-Tagzelt. - (original photo) Engraved elephant, a depiction that is rare in the Acacous. From the front foot to the back foot: 1.23 m in length. (Photos 232, 234, and 237 come from the same shelter.)

262 - Taghit (Algeria). - Large fresco showing many bovines and caprines oriented in both directions. There are only two representations of humans in the form of small schematic engravings slightly to the right of the center, at the bottom of the fresco. Above, further to the right, there is an engraved hand and foot. The slab measures between 1.70 m and 2 m in height and 4.50 m in length.

263 - Taghit (Algeria). - Detail from photo 262. Engravings in a uniform stroke style. Two schematic humans are clearly visible here.

264 - Taghit (Algeria). - Detail of photo 262. It seems the engraver wanted to depict all the species of ungulates he knew. The large central bovine measures 0.93 m from the top of the horns to the bottom of the front legs.

289 - El Beridj (Tadrart). - Return to the “diabolo” type of man. This fresco, painted in red ochre and white paint, is located in a deep shelter with a low ceiling. Figures can be seen, including a rider, dogs, goats... A figure painted in white (the “Kokopelli,” according to ethnographers of the Native Americans) playing a flute. Height: 0.15 m.

428 - Jabbaren (Tassili-n'Ajjer). - A walking goat. The exact contour is painted in dark red ochre, and the udder is clearly indicated. At the bottom right, there is a small, undifferentiated figure. Height of the goat: 0.30 m.

446 - Ouan Bender (Tassili-n'Ajjer). - This photo and the following ones, up to 451, belong to the same shelter. Here we see a large mural that continues on the opposite page (photo 448). Several figures are depicted amidst scattered cattle. The small bovine located at the top, slightly to the right of the center, is the same one shown in the photo above (445). The panel is 2.85 m wide.

448 - Ouan Bender (Tassili-n'Ajjer). - Continuation of photo 446, which connects on its left side. At the top of this document, slightly left behind the bovine, there is a curious zoomorphic figure that, according to Y. Tschudi, represents two gazelles. Giraffes, goats, cattle, and human figures are visible. Width of the depicted panel: 3.36 m.

453 - Ouan Bender (Tassili-n'Ajjer). - A large white-painted mouflon, resembling the same animals associated with "round heads." A beautiful polychrome ensemble of bovines, antelopes, goats, and humans... From one mouflon horn to the other: 0.53 m.

480 - Séfar (Tassili-n'Ajjer). – Location of the "Martian" in the fresco from Séfar. The width of the panel depicted here: 8 m.

The shelter with the ‘Martian’ from Séfar.

482 - Séfar (Tassili-n'Ajjer). - Strange figures. The person on the right has a face resembling a pachyderm, though the trunk ends in a fork. He wears a belt with a long tail and holds a basket (?). Behind him, an individual with a belt threatens him with a club held high in the right hand. The basket held by the person on the right is 0.28 m wide. The animal on the left may be a goat-like creature (?).

528 - Séfar (Tassili-n'Ajjer). – Here we see goats or sheep attached "to a rope". This gives them an astonishing sense of order. Below, there is a red structure extended downward by V-shaped lines. We also see archers sketched with painted lines, as well as figures in a red structure, bovids, and later archers treated in dark gray. Diameter of the circle: 0.25 m.

652 - Gonoa (Tibesti). - Pastoral scene engraved by puncturing in a very decadent style. The first archer on the right is 0.41 m tall.

Sheep and goats cross the Río Mosna via a traditional, simple bridge made of tree trunks; the river flows right past the famous archaeological site of Chavín de Huántar. Chavín is one of Peru’s most important pre-Columbian cultures. – 1976

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